This is understandable because of the great zimbabwe controversy that had dominated zimbabwean archaeology since the late 19th. This meant reading the archaeology relating to the period prior to 1500, a period he was somehow reluctant to delve into except on the subject matter of great zimbabwe beach, 1973. Innocent pikirayi is professor in archaeology and head of the department of anthropology and archaeology. Map by geologist karl mauch illustrating settlement activity around great zimbabwe and the southcentral. Great zimbabwe, leading shona power, is part of widespread trade network 1500s inhabitants slowly abandon great zimbabwe. Water resources in great zimbabwe and ancient civilisations. James denbow, university of texas at austin american antiquity, vol. Reconceptualizing decline, 26 abandonment, and reoccupation of an ancient polity, a. His most recent accomplishment involved conducting a field survey around great. Ingombe ilede and the demise of great zimbabwe volume 91 issue 358 innocent pikirayi.
At about the same time the torwachangamirerozvi state governed the southwestern region, but at the height of its power its reach stretched to the great. Peter garlake 19342011, great zimbabwe and the politics of the past in zimbabwe. Pikirayi, who is a professor in archaeology at the university of pretorias department of anthropology and archaeology, tells new today that the current debate and thinking on great zimbabwe is largely influenced by the new antiquarian revisionism, based on what ian smith and his rhodesian apologists thought about the place. Offering a unique and original perspective on the rise and fall of indigenous states of southern zambezia, the zimbabwe culture analyzes the long contentious history of the remains of the remarkable cyclopean masonry, ranging from mighty capitals of traditional kings to humble farmsteads. Ingombe ilede and the demise of great zimbabwe antiquity. Site plan of great zimbabwe modified from an original plan by national museums and monuments ofzimbabwe from shadreck chirikure and innocent pikirayi, inside and outside the dry stone walls. The central area of ruins extends about 200 acres 80 hectares. Pikirayi takes his reader through the fascinating and often frustrating border zone between archaeology and history, all the while keeping his eye on the major themethe unfolding history of the southern african state that.
Great zimbabwe, extensive stone ruins of an african iron age city. Debating great zimbabwe a innocent pikirayi andbshadreck chirikure adepartment of anthropology and archaeology, university of pretoria, pretoria, 0002, south africa. Debating great zimbabwe innocent pikirayi department of anthropology and archaeology, university of pretoria, pretoria, 0002, south africa correspondence innocent. Innocent pikirayis zimbabwe culture is the latest synthesis in the literature on great zimbabwe, and by far the best. Great zimbabwe in historical archaeology university of pretoria. The african ejournals project has digitized full text of. In 1988 he began postgraduate study, supervised by paul sinclair at uppsala university career. Access to the complete content on oxford handbooks online requires a subscription or purchase. Great zimbabwe project gutenberg selfpublishing ebooks. Great zimbabwe reading for comprehension questions.
Innocent pikirayi great zimbabwe in historical ar chaeology figure 3. Peter garlake 19342011, great zimbabwe and the politics of the. Pikirayi, innocent indigenous archaeology springerlink. Shadreck chirikure on the use of space at great zimbabwe was published by antiquity in 2009. States of the zimbabwe plateau and zambezi valley african. It lies in southeastern zimbabwe, about 19 miles 30 km southeast of masvingo.
Great zimbabwe is a ruined city that was once the capital of the kingdom of zimbabwe, which existed from 1100 to 1450 ad during the countrys late iron age. Revisiting the material culture of great zimbabwe, antiquity 82 2008. Revisiting the material culture of great zimbabwe, antiquity 82 december 2015, pp. Ingombe ilede and the demise of great zimbabwe cambridge core. Acquiline chimwanda,4 joseph chikumbirike,5 ezekia mtetwa,6. Shadreck chirikure and innocent pikirayi, inside and outside the dry stone walls. Zimbabwe is a shona name that, while the translation varies, can mean. Professor innocent pikirayi was born in 1963 in masvingo, zimbabwe. This makes it by far the largest of zimbabwe s early stone walled cities. Innocent pikirayi,1 federica sulas,1,2 tendai treddah musindo,1,3.
Great zimbabwe controlled the region in the 14th and 15th centuries. Ingombe ilede and the demise of great zimbabwe volume 91 issue 358 innocent pikirayi skip to main content accessibility help we use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Huffman tn 1982 archaeology and ethnohistory of the african iron age. He studied history at the university of zimbabwe from 1983. Links have also been established between the gold mines of zimbabwe and the indian goldfields of kolar and mysore by the historian roger summers. Pikirayi takes his reader through the fascinating and often frustrating border zone between archaeology and history, all the while. Pikirayi was born in 1963 and grew up in zimuto, masvingo, zimbabwe. The mutapa state dominated the northeastern plateau and zambezi valley from the 15th century to the 19th century.
Great zimbabwe, political succession, radiocarbon chronology. The zimbabwe culture by innocent pikirayi overdrive. The power of this discourse to prescribe what happens at great zimbabwe is complemented at the local level by the actions of the nation state. Professor innocent pikirayi article university of pretoria. Mar 10, 2017 great zimbabwe was a 720hectare 1,779 acres city that flourished between roughly the 10 th and 15 th centuries a. His father was a carpenter in the public works department in the then rhodesia from which he resigned following the intensification of the liberation war in the late 1970s. Great zimbabwe final draft 1 final edit rupert hopkins. Innocent pikirayi is professor in archaeology and head of the. This makes it by far the largest of zimbabwes early stone walled cities. Reconceptualizing decline, abandonment, and reoccupation of an ancient polity, ad 14501900 article pdf available in historical archaeology 471.
While nearby masvingo town has persistently lived under water. Becoming zimbabwe is the first comprehensive history of zimbabwe, spanning the years from 850 to 2008. The hill complex is the oldest part of the city with pottery and burials dating to the 6th. Environmental data indicates that great zimbabwe declined when climatic conditions were favourable, which may have prompted the ruling. Water resources in great zimbabwe and ancient civilisations professor innocent pikirayi upbeat pretoria. Innocent pikirayi born 1963 is professor in archaeology and head of the department of. Peter garlake 19342011, great zimbabwe and the politics of the past in zimbabwe innocent pikirayi department of anthropology and archaeology, university of pretoria, private bag x20 hatfield, tshwane, 0028, south africa correspondence innocent. Great zimbabwe wikimili, the best wikipedia reader. Peter garlake 19342011, great zimbabwe and the politics of. Great zimbabwe enduring legacy the monument of great zimbabwe is the most famous stone building in southern africa. The history of a nationinthemaking should not be reduced to a selective heroic tradition, but should be. Zimbabwe culture and its neighbours oxford handbooks. Great zimbabwe were of african origin and not constructed by people from another continent. Pikirayi and kaarsholm suggest that this presentation of great zimbabwe was partly intended to encourage settlement and investment in the area.
The monument, which first began to be constructed in the 11th century and which continued to be built until the 14th century, spanned an area of 722 hectares 1,784 acres and at its peak could have housed up to 18,000 people. The effect is to depoliticize heritage, and perpetuate the alienation of such places from local communities. An environmental reappraisal by innocent pikirayi the decline of great zimbabwe is poorly. The zimbabwe culture is essential reading for all students and avocationalists of african archaeology, history, and culture. His main research interests are the rise, development and demise of state societies in southern africa, dating to the second millennium ad, particularly great zimbabwe, as well as other state systems between the zambezi and the limpopo rivers. Pikirayi takes his reader through the fascinating and often frustrating border zone between archaeology and history, all the while keeping his eye on the major theme. May 28, 2015 water resources in great zimbabwe and ancient civilisations professor innocent pikirayi upbeat pretoria. Innocent pikirayi is associate professor in archaeology, university of pretoria, south africa. At its largest the city of great zimbabwe housed an estimated 18. Debating great zimbabwe ainnocent pikirayi andbshadreck chirikure adepartment of anthropology and archaeology, university of pretoria, pretoria, 0002, south africa. Pikirayi, innocent historical archaeology springerlink.
Innocent pikirayi is the author of the zimbabwe culture 3. The decline of great zimbabwe is poorly known due to limited archaeological data and vague historical sources. Under the influence of peter garlake and horace caesar roger vella he decided to take up archaeology. Construction on the city began in the 11th century and continued until it was abandoned in the 15th century. Pdf debating great zimbabwe innocent pikirayi academia. Include land area, structures, and the main sections of the. It was the capital of the kingdom of zimbabwe during the countrys late iron age. Great zimbabwe is a ruined city in the southeastern hills of zimbabwe near lake mutirikwe and the town of masvingo. The ruins of great zimbabwe, some 300 structures, cover more than sixty acres and includes three main areas. Great zimbabwe may have developed as a direct result of the arab gold trade. Public users are able to search the site and view the abstracts and keywords for each book and chapter without a subscription. Born in 1963, innocent pikirayi grew up in zimuto, a district in masvingo formerly victoria province of zimbabwe fig. Reconceptualizing decline, abandonment, and reoccupation of an ancient polity, a.
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